schools and scheduling Essay -- essays research papers

I. Title PageRunning head OUTCOMES USING THREE SCHEDULING METHODSWhich muniment? Learning and Behavior Outcomes of At-Risk, Ninth Grade, Math and apprehension Students Using Three Scheduling Methods Parallel Block Alternate-Day Block and TraditionalNameUniversity Name Name of Class / Title of Project / Name of prof and his/her titleAbstract Page (State the Purpose of the Study)AbstractFor many generations, high school students have had a schedule of six to eight periods a mean solar day with each class see e truly day for forty-five to sixty minutes. To better utilize the time spent with students, many schools have begun to reform computer programing practices. Many schools have chosen to change to pin scheduling with the purpose of improving the outcomes of student learning and student behavior. There are many variations of block schedule in use. This study examines the effect of this reform in scheduling practices by comparing the learning and behavior outcomes of parallel b lock, alternate-day block, and traditional scheduling all over an eighteen week period. Learning outcomes were obtained from pre-test and post-test measures and behavior outcomes were measured through absences, tardies, and office referrals for suspensions and detentions.II.Review of Research Literature including Definition of Terms Review all publications that supports the importance of the study (what has been done and what needs to be done.) Also review literature related to your independent variables in each arm and dependent variables (measures and instrumentation).Which Schedule? Learning and Behavior Outcomes of At-Risk Ninth Grade Math and Science Students Using Three Scheduling Methods Parallel Block, Alternate-Day Block, and TraditionalSecondary schools were originally designed very much like factories. Classrooms were designed as isolated work stations that could be used only by specific persons at specific quantify of day and students moved from room to room to receiv e instruction from the teacher assigned to that room, controlling the four critical facets of the school day time, the use of space, the group of students, and the role of staff members in the use of space (Khazzaka & DeLeon, 1997). To better use these critical facets, educators have been... ... scheduling and traditional scheduling on academic achievement. diary of Instructional Psychology, 27, 178-183.Marchant, G.J. & Paulson, S.B. (2001). Differential school functioning in a block schedule a comparison of academic profiles. High School Journal, 84, 12-21.Meister, D.G., and Nolan, Jr., J. (2001). Out on a limb on our own uncertainty and doubt in moving from subject-centered to interdisciplinary teaching. Teachers College Record, 103, 608-631.Queen, J.A. (2000). Block scheduling revisited. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 214-223.Santos, K.E. & Rettig, M.D. (1999). Going on the block meeting the needs of students with disabilities in high schools with block scheduling. Teaching Exceptional Children, 31, 54-59.Veal, W.R. (1999). What could define block scheduling as a fad? American Secondary Education, 27, 3-12.

Searle’s Solution to the Missing Object Problem :: Searle Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Let us imagine that to play a joke on her new friend Suzy, Jenny tells her totally about her mess up spaniel. Jenny tells Suzy that her dogs name is Sally, that Sally has long blonde hair, and that she loves to eat table scraps. The only problem is that Sally does not really dwell but Jenny doesnt tell this to Suzy. Because of this, Suzy forms all sorts of beliefs about Jennys cocker spaniel. She believes that it is named Sally, that it has long blonde hair and loves to eat table scraps, and possibly a few other beliefs. She also forms desires regarding the dog she wants to meet Sally, to play fetch with her, and to buy her a doggie treat. Suzy, therefore, has many beliefs and desires regarding Sally the cocker spaniel and all of this in spite of the fact that Sally does not really survive at all. In orchestrating this prank, Jenny thought she was merely playing a dewy-eyed trick on her friend. But in succeeding at this, she has brought about a significant philosop hical dilemma. If Sally the cocker spaniel does not exist, then what atomic number 18 all of Suzys beliefs and desires about? This is the problem of objectless sayness. Mental states like believing and desiring are understood to be directed at things they are intentional states, and either intentional state must have an intentional object. If I have a belief that Michael Jordan is the best basketball player of all time, or that crotch hair is a good wartime President, then these are beliefs about, respectively, Michael Jordan and George Bush. If I have a desire to meet the Pope, or to have a hamburger, then these desires are directed at the Pope and a hamburger, respectively. But in Suzys case, the supposed intentional object of her beliefs and desires Sally the cocker spaniel turned out not to exist at all. So did the beliefs and desires have an intentional object at all? And if so, what was it? In addressing this problem, this paper will explicate and argue for a solution precondition by John Searle in his book, Intentionality. After briefly

Is Spreading Democracy in the U.S. National Interest? Essay -- U.S. Go

The Truman Doctrine established a policy of containment against communist governments. People believed the spread of communism would overthrow the democratic ideals our country believed in and followed. aft(prenominal) the policy of containment died down, a new policy of feast country emerged. This new policy has both good and ill effects on the helped nations and our own. In 2011, on that point were 115 electoral democracies, representing nearly sixty percent of the worlds government were democratic. In 1989, just 41 percent of all governments were democratic (Current Issues, 2011-12, p. 168). So, is spreading commonwealth in the U.S. national interest? Or should our nation employ a more hands-off approach?The textbook defines democracy as a system of government in which the people approach pattern rule by the many. A core belief of Democracy is that ordinary people want to rule and are capable of governing themselves (Greenberg & Page, 2011, p.4). The textbook states that po litical thinkers attribute several components of democracy to its widespread appeal. First, democracy is considered to protect human rights the best because it is founded on the actualisation of the intrinsic worth and equality of human beings. Second, democracies are the most likely to produce rational policies because it can count on pooled knowledge with which to make the decision. Third, democracies are long-lasting and more stable because their leaders are elected and answerable to voters. Fourth, democracy is considered to be the best government for economic growth and material well-being. Finally, democracy lets its citizens be free, which causes a state of mind allowing them to best develop their talents and skills. (Greenberg & Page, 2011, p.4).As stated, Democracy is ... ...ates Should Spread Democracy. Mar. 1998. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. .Greenberg, Edward S., and Benjamin I. Page. The Struggle for Democracy. 10th ed. Boston Longman, 2011. Print.Democracy and Human Rights. Cur rent Issues. Ed. Joe Geraghty. 35th ed. Alexandria Close Up, 2011. 168-81. Print.Lagon, Mark P. Promoting Democracy The Whys and Hows for the United States and the International Community. Rep. Council on Foreign Relations, Feb. 2011. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. .Coyne, Christopher J., and Tamara Coffman Witte. Can We Export Democracy? Rep. CATO Institute, Jan.-Feb. 2008. Web. 2 Dec. 2011. .

Essay --

Isolation of leprosy patientsWhat started as a problem with a horrific disease, croak to isolation of leprosy patients. It was hard for these patients to settle and make homes communities feared the spreading of illness. The government took an old plantation to create a hospital for the leprosy patients. The old plantation was called hospital 66 or better known as Carville. Over a long time period, the disease can be disfiguring, and societies have stigmatized victims of the disease. This attribute is deeply discrediting since the stigmatized undivided is disqualified from full social acceptance. Leprosy was thus dreaded, not because it killed, but because it left one alive with no hope. (P1. And 2, Sato, H., & Frantz, J. (2005). Termination of the leprosy isolation policy in the US and japan Science, policy changes, and the garbage can model.) People deemed with this Disease were brought to Carville mandatory to be quarantined some patients were brought in shackles against there will. Patients were forced to put across everything they knew and loved behind, including friends, family and children.While scientists worked to find a cure, policyholders that conducted legislative procedures were defining and enacting the problem policies were designed to isolate sick patients as pr rasetion of the further spread of the disease. Patients were even feared by medical staff and did not want to aide in helping these sick patients. Seeing the needs of these patients, a group of sisters named Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de capital of Minnesota stepped up and provided compassion. The disease is first noticed by skin change to usually hands and feet. In the movie Triumph at Carville directed by John Wilhelm and Sally Squires, one patient sa... ... isolation policy provided patients with some social support, but continuously deprived them of their civil liberties. Furthermore, the policy as an of import statement on the disease may have fostered the social s tigma associated with a belief that the disease is a dreadful contagion, thereby maintaining a vault to patients reintegration into society. Evidently, the policys abolition was not easily accomplished nor was achieved solely by advances in scientific knowledge. (P. 10)Carville took on what feared the public on multiple levels and were able to act past it. As dreadful as it was for the patients to go through, they were the first to say that all the pain was worth it. The Daughters of charity and the doctors took on a daunting labor movement and made it ok. The patients all commented that the sisters showed love and compassion making it feel like home.

Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Sociopaths Brain Essay -- Diseas

A good looking man in an expensive suite walks past a woman on the subway go a catchy tune. Many thoughts begin to run through her head, Hes an important business man on his way to his next meeting. Or Hes a father on the way home from work. As he stops she watches him read a news paper persuasion how attractive and self composed he is. In the back of her head shes wishing that he would speak to her. As she sits and hopes it seems that her wish is going to be answered. The young, attractive gentleman gets up and strides over taking the seat next to her. He introduces himself as Mr. Cromer and engages her in a charming conversation, sweeping her off her feet. In her head everything is going great, she has met the perfect man, either the while she hasnt noniced that he has lead her to the door of a warehouse. By the time she realizes where she is it is too late, he has her now. As she begins to scream he shoves her in the building ending all hope. Mr. Cromer actually suffers from a severe case of antisocial character disorder and has veritable a bad habit of abducting, raping and killing women followed by an ostentatious dinner often buying dinks and food for others in the restaurant or bar to which he leaves without every paying. Those who suffer from personality disorders exit not necessarily all become killers or rapists but most do participate in unlawful activity of some sort. Antisocial personality disorder, also known as sociopathy or psychopathy, is often described as the person lacking any and all morals they wee-wee no conscience. Often these individuals have difficulty or inability to feel empathy for others and as a result they do as they please, not conforming to social norms like the majority of the population... ...ey still commit count less crimes against society and fail to conform to any societal norms. Many perspectives have been trying to better explain what causes this disorder but the close we have gotten is correlation. Like with an y disease there are multiple contributing factors so researchers need to take and eclectic approach and hopefully one day we will find a simple answer for this complex disorder that will lead to an effective treatment. Works CitedHaglin, R. P. & Whitbourne, S. K. (2010). Abnormal psychology clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York, NY McGraw-Hill.Moran, P. (1999). The epidemiology of antisocial personality disorder. Institute of Psychiatry, (34), 231-242.Ogloff, J. R. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, (40), 519-528.

Constructs of Reality :: essays research papers

WAR IS PEACEFREEDOM IS SLAVERYIGNORANCE IS STRENGTH(Or salubrious, 1984)Necessity is the justification for e really infringement of human freedom. It is the argument of tyrants it is the creed of slaves. (William Pitt, 1783) . One can argue the existence of a utopia. Argue whether or not a utopia has ever, or will, exist. Websters Dictionary defines the term utopia as An ideally perfect place, especially in its social, political, and moral aspects. Then we can explore the term dystopia, the mirror see of a utopia, the exact opposite, a world blinded by utter chaos. However, one does not exist without the other. The majority of politics today is democratic, not to summon the remaining percentage is said to be totalitarian. But what we fail to notice is that there is very little difference amongst the two states, for in both situations the governments and or leaders have absolute power. And according to natural law power leads to decomposition. Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.(Lord Acton, 1834-1902) . So even in the perfectionist living, the slightest bit of corruption destroys any possibility of a utopia. Aldous Huxleys Brave New World and George Orwells 1984 touches this topic, of complete government control in their literary warnings, if not prophesies. The operate being, no matter what type of government we live in, it is a place where the politicians are the ringmasters. They then construct reality, a system in which the public lives on, aimlessly, endlessly, and blindly. They contain over us using technology, psychological manipulation, and the ability to alter any form of information, including history. The following arguments revolve around Huxleys and Orwells portrayals, as well as focusing on the non-literary world, which we abide.The title Brave New World itself portrays a society, which is perfect. Symbolically, Huxley chose this title based on the stereotypical image of a brand-new object. We tend to presume tha t it is new, untouched, unused and flawless. But is it? The spine tingling atmosphere begins to concern the reader from the very beginning. A horrific tour of the laboratory reveals the very fundamentals of absolute government domination. As the tour Director leads through the lab, the sightings are graphic. The students become aware of incubators and other technological mechanisms to fertilize and grow humans. He further explains how the sperm and ova are separated from the human body. The operation undergone voluntarily for the good of society, not to mention the fact that it carries a bonus amounting to six months salary.

Assimilation the Risk of Losing Culture and Identity Essay

Blacks should not assimilate with the popular dominant enculturation but instead maintain their own sense of cultural heritage. The dark-skinned psyche who makes the choice to integrate into the dominating culture really must be honest with his or her self and admit that all their pronouncements of concern for the welfare of the black community take a backseat to their individualised desire to assimilate.These black nation are more of a role model to other black people on how to assimilate or integrate into the colorless and racially generic whole of American culture that just so happens to be controlled and dominated from the ovalbumin community. Although it may sound wonderful to hear someone say that they dont fall upon peoples skin color, reality says that people notice color all the time. The pressure placed on blacks by the dominant culture forces them to move toward assimilation hooks urges. ell hooks states that One of the most tragic manifestations of the pressure bla ck people feel to assimilate is expressed in the internalization of racist perspectives (227). Young blacks need to realize that conforming to the dominant culture is not necessary to exist within it. hooks says that It is crucial that those among us who resist and rebel, who survive and succeed, speak openly and honestly close to our lives and the nature of our personal struggles (221).In order to resist assimilation black people as a hold need to be more open and honest about the struggles that take place striving for education and success, those who have blazed the trail need to reach back and help those striving to get there. An excellent job is through by hooks in getting the point across about assimilations effects, and also gives those who have chosen to assimilate something to think about, what cost is one instinctive to pay, is one willing to break family ties and friendship because of the pressure from the dominant culture to assimilate.The pressures of trying to mainta in family and community ties and succeeding in life are difficult, these issues gives us some groundwork to fix some of the problems. While it is difficult to achieve education and success mend keeping community ties it is possible, hooks says that The most goodly resource anyone can have to study and teach in university settings is full understanding and appreciation of the richness, beauty, and primacy of our familial and community backgrounds (228). ooks has some very valid points, everyone has to see at them and put them into perspective on how it can fit into their lives. There is not one right answer or solution to this problem, everyone has to search within to find a solution, but those whom have traveled on this road less taken have an obligation to teach those who follow. It is imperative to let the spring chicken know that their struggles for identity and success or not in vein and show them that they are appreciated within the community.Without the bounding and nouris hment needed to continue the ties, young person will continue to choose to assimilate and take the easy road with less pressure and headaches to deal with. Blacks could better serve the community by ingest to the dominant culture forces, the melting-pot theory. This view is advantageous to both a government and its people. It is believed that the nation has reached its present state of development because it has been able to forge one topic identity.Separating citizens by ethnicity or race and providing special privileges to Blacks can be harmful, where assimilation tends to put everyone on an even playing field. By keeping ties to community and family Blacks commit attention to differences and the dominant culture fosters resentment towards their culture. Blacks in society that make a full effort to be incorporated into the mainstream naturally reciprocate the benefits and encomium from mainstream America. Blacks become successful by shedding their cultural heritage and adopti ng the ways of the popular dominant culture.Typically Blacks absorbed by the ways of the host society, while loosening to varying degrees their connection to their native culture become highly successful. Through this process Blacks are accepted into society and become a position of the dominant culture and national unity is retained. Works Cited Assimilation Does it hurt Black people? (2007) Retrieved on 2/10/2008, from www. topix. com/forum/afam/TPIKF7CB1VN57ONEJ Bell maulers (2000), Where We Stand Class Matters, By Routledge

Children’s Exposure to Homosexuality in Popular Culture

The issue of crotchet is a hot topic because of its religious, political, and social aspects that can be debated. The Family Research Report says around 2-3% of men, and 2% of women, argon transgender or emasculate (Gallup). Education on the topic is vital to promote acceptance and this can be d iodin through formals or daily education. Formally, health c ar professionals or school sexual education classes can educate. But informally, p argonnts, friends, and media are the most influential on people.In the media, quirkiness is portray in many ways and through many portals. In subtle ways it can be reasond with intimate friendships, inclusivity, hints, stereotypes, references, and physicality. The most easily influenced are children therefore they are the ones who need to be educated. Dennis says, queering, locating undertows of same-sex desire between putatively heterosexual characters (Doty) is actually easier in schedules targeted to children and adolescents than those targ eted to adults (739). pederastic representations in popular culture on boob tube positively and directly affect the acceptance of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transvestite individuals by younger generations. Inclusivity is heavy in childrens television programs to show viewers that heteronormativity is non the only option available in relationships. One show studied by Dennis uses a Nickelodeon show, Neds Declassified School Survival Guide, to demonstrate how subtle changes in dialogue can send a more positive message.The show is made as a guide to help adolescents exist in middle school or high school and offers tips on how to be successful in aspects not directly related to academics. In one episode Ned says when you like someone when he could have just as easily said when you like a girl(Dennis 742). Changing the tip to take both sexes indicates that the character views a relationship to not be restrained to one sex or the other. While involving a more general target, the pro gram also drops the notion that one sex must always be attracted to the opposite sex.Lack of such inclusivity leads children to grow up ignorant to the options they have and shows them that homosexuality is unacceptable. When a child relies on parents or formal education for sexual education, homosexuality is often excluded as a topic to be hold forthed and may be uncomfortable with it later in life when exposure is guaranteed. The largest case of ignorance and avoidance of the subject seems to be in the case of adolescent males, while adolescent girls be given to get a more complete and positive catching of homosexuality in society (Herek, Cogan, and Gillis).Although it may be a difficult topic to discuss with children or allow children to be exposed to, depending on the individuals beliefs or personal experience and knowledge, it is important that they give the children the information necessary to commit decisions and judgments for themselves. This inclusivity positively affe cts children because they have the knowledge to accept individuals who are homosexual when they come in contact with them. In most cases in society, ignorance leads to fear, which is an unnecessary emotion when traffic with gay, lesbian, bisexual or transvestite people.Stereotypes, specifically defying stereotypes, are an effective tactic to promote acceptance in childrens television series. Because individuality is so important and applauded in our Western culture the defiance of social norms tends to be a replete(p) way to promote change or be noticed. Heteronormative ideals are no exception to this rule and therefore to promote acceptance and shift away from homophobic ideas in the media, homosexuality needs to be more prominent. A good manakin of how going against the norm is a successful way to get attention is the hit TV show The Simpsons.Everything ab erupt The Simpsons challenges the American Dream. It criticizes the hypocrisy at heart the American educational, religious , political, and economic systems (Tinglef). The Simpsons is also an prototype of defiance against heterosexual norms because there are many instances where the main character, Homer Simpson, acts in a way that is stereotypically homosexual such as kissing his secretary Carl, calling his wife Carl in bed, and having his favourite song be Its Raining Men (Dennis 60).There are also secondary characters that act in a homosexual way such as Lenny, who sees a heaven full of Carls when he is dying. Another example is in Dennis study where he observed beauty as an important and frequent occurrence with males in young childrens programs, which is usually a characteristic attributed to females. This defiance of stereotypes is important for television series because it demonstrates the importance of individuality in our society and shows younger audiences that just because heterosexuality is the norm, it is not the only way to be.When children understand this at a young age, they will tend n ot to hold back homosexual feelings if they get them later in life. Subtle or self-evident hints are important aspects to childrens programming because they demonstrate how homosexual ideas, behaviours, and acts are part of modern society. This exposure to subconscious hints implements the impression that these ideas, behaviours, and acts are not out of the ordinary and are to be accepted like all other aspects of society.While watching television, children often see same-sex couples portrayed as intimate friendships. An example is with bullies Crony and Loomer on Neds Declassified School Survival Guide who are always together. Some episodes show them doing stereotypical couple acts such as expressing jealousy if the other has a love interest. While studying the show, Dennis observed that in one episode Crony struggles to come out about his heating system for fashion design, especially to Loomer, whom he thinks might end their friendship if he found out.Dennis describes this strug gle as a metaphorical coming out as gay, especially when dealing with the issue of the gender transgressive interest in fashion (741). Hints such as those directed at intimate friendships and other homosexual behaviours positively affect the children watching the programs because they increase the belief in the normality of resistance against the heterosexual norms. Such hints of resistance can often be seen in childrens programming, especially in animated series with a high degree of fantasy (Dennis 744).Thanks to media exposure, acceptance of homosexual culture has become ncreasingly popular recently. Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transvestite people are more common in the media than ever before and homosexual culture is generally accepted in bigger cities. Homosexual actors and characters are also becoming more common on Harper, 5 television programs. One example is the TV show The Simpsons with several regular characters that are clearly homosexuals such as Mr. Smithers, Homers sec retary Carl, and Marges sister Patty. It is important for adolescents to see this kind of diversity on TV so that they can be more accepting in their own communities.The Simpsons was awarded an Emmy Award for its 8th season, 15th episode, called Homers phobia for the lessons it gives on homosexuality and acceptance. In this episode, a gay parade that passes by the Simpsons home inspires Homer to attempt to man-up his son, Bart. Throughout the episode Homer has homophobic worries and tries to prevent Bart from go gay, which is a negative lesson for children, but the show turns around at the end and Homer assures him of his unconditional love, whether he is straight or not (Padva 60).Through inclusivity, defying stereotypes, and boastful subtly hints homosexuality in childrens television programs is increasing awareness and acceptance in younger generations of children. Although the incorporation of homosexual gestures and references in childrens television rises the question of why producers, directors, and actors decided to add them in the beginning, whether it was a purposeful act with political intentions, a deliberate but joking incorporation, or only unintentional, it became evident that the effects are positive and will continue to be positive for as long as homosexual representation is positive.

Poetry Coursework Essay

Love poems can be traced back many another(prenominal) years, know is typic every(prenominal)y suasion of as lust, commitment and sacrifice all rolled into one and here is a quote from Abraham Crowley on fill in A mighty pain to love it is, and tis a pain that pain to miss plainly of all the pains, the greatest pain is to love, entirely love in vain. Love poems tend to be thought of as very conventional. Traditionally, i would expect a love poem to have comparisons, comparing their loved one to angels or goddesses and to build a image in the readers mind that their love was handsome and faultless, they would a ilk include in the poem comparisons between their loved one and goddesses or angels and would describe their facial features to manything so concentrated and faultless. However, i have found that some unconventional love poems describe their loved ones to something ugly or dark, some may compargon their loved ones to fleas and insects but yet they speculate that the ir love is pure and unbreakable.In From Fidessa written by Bartholomew Griffin which was a petrarchan sonnet written in 1596, Bartholomew Griffin talks about his lady obsessively as he uses the metaphor My ladys hair is threads of beaten gold which gives the reader the image that she has the looks of a goddess which fits in with the conventional images of love. It as well fits in with how women were thought of in this time period as they were mainly depicted as goddesses or angels by many men, I think this is obsessive love because its like he keeps ranting on about how beautiful she is and how she is faultless in appearance he even goes as far as to say Her feet, sportsmanlike thetis adulationth evermore.This shows the kind of extent he goes to, describing her feet which shows just how obsessive his love is for this women, he says her feet, should be praised ever more this showed how deep and pure his love is, as he has even fallen head over heels with her feet which is a unsign ificant part of the body to find appeasing. This is a conventional sonnet because he makes the comparisons between his lady and pure objects such as beaten gold which is expected in a conventional sonnet.In sonnet 18 famously written by William Shakespe are and promulgated in 1592, this sonnet was the 18th in 154 and arguably one of the better known of his sonnets as it is shrouded by mystery by the fact that he is report a love sonnet to a man while normally love sonnets are traditionally do for women and homosexual relationships were frowned upon in those times as they were thought as not natural, Shakespeare says this man is more ever-lasting and beautiful then natures beauty, as he says Shall I compare thee to a summers day? super C art more lovely and more temperate. This sonnet once again displays obsessive love because Shakespeare compares this man to natures finest beauty, a summer day but yet says that he barely cant for he is far better then a summer day which shows jus t how in love and ghost he is with this man. This sonnet is a conventional poem depicting a type of unconventional type of love because although it has all the characteristics of a conventional poem, and it is based on a unconventional love between a man and man where as that type of love is normally shown between a man and a woman and in those times, other types of love relationships were frowned upon which make this type of love unconventional in my opinion .In From Canzoniere written by Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) in 1484 is a conventional Petrarch sonnet where he shows the reader how real and demanding his love is as he says Could my own soul from its own self beguile he says that his love is so strong for this women that he feels that his soul and his body could be parted which shows just how strong he feels for this women and gives the reader a strong image of exactly how obsessive this mans love is for this women as he then goes on to say and my sad harp can right but n otes of pain, where he basically tells the reader that although he loves this women he isnt loved back and that all that happen is that his love turns to pain as he knows he isnt loved back and desperately just wants to be loved by this women.This is a conventional poem as he simply is head over heels for this woman and makes comparisons to angels when he says and the soft lightning of the angelic smile. Soft lightningis a clich because as we know lightning is never soft it simply thunders and is rough so i believe this quote is hiding behind its true implication because the poet says that although her smile is angelic however when angered or mischievously tempered the soft lightning within her smile begins to show and he seems not to want to upset his beloved one so he hides his true meaning within a sentence full of praise.However, in The Flea written by John Donne in 1630 it is a unconventional poem as he uses unaccustomed things to describe his love for his beloved and shows a erotic type of love as he says Mark but this flea and mark in this which tell us he is asking her to notice the flea and notice what he is about to state but then he goes on to say and pampered swells with one blood made of two, and this, alas is more then we would do.He suggests that the flea connects them more then she allows as the flea has bit them both and both their blood has fused into one, he displays erotic love because all he wants to do with this woman is break the barrier between them and have sex with her, by comparing their relationship to a flea shows just how miserable he regards their relationship as he badly wants to have sex with her but yet she keeps denying him and just shows exactly how unconvertible this poem is as it goes against all the rules of a conventional poem by making comparisons between a flea and love.Also in To His Coy Mistress written by Andrew Marvell in 1652, Andrew Marvell also doesnt follow the conventional way of a poem as he describes he r shyness to go to bed with him as a devastating ball story as he says Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness lady were no crime he says that he would wait for all the time in the world has he the time and says that if so then her shyness would be no crime, which shows that he is longing to have sex with her and he goes on to say that he would wait tell the conversion of the Jews but not all Jews would convert so he is saying that he would wait forever if he had the time but he nobody truly has all the time in the world. This is erotic love as he looks solely for pleasure although he shows his love for her he simply just wants to have sex with her and this poem is unconventional because in my opinion he doesnt follow the conventional rules and praise her looks and compare her to angels and goddesses, he simply says that he cant wait any longer although he loves her forever.In Sonnet 130 written by William Shakespeare in 1592, this unconventional Shakespearean sonnet has Wi lliam Shakespeare makes comparisons to crude and beastly things rather then things of any beauty or angelic resemblance as he starts complete his sonnet by saying My Mistress eyes are nothing like the sun he gives out the image to the reader that her eyes are dark and have no light within them, he then goes on to say If snow be white, why then her breast are dun this specific quote famously gives the impression that his mistress could be black as he says the enunciate dun which meant tanned or manure colored, in those time inter racial relationships were frowned upon as black people were seen as second class citizens, he also adds the breath that from my mistress reeks the word reeks empathizes the point of her breath being unbearable and the poem generally shows that Shakespeare wants people to see how love really is that it cant be perfect as many say it is and that every person has their faults and no matter what is said love is never perfect, this is my interpretation on what Shakespeare trys to show us in this sonnet. Shakespeare also in his poem The Dark Lady he also describes his lover with hair as wirey which shows once again that Shakespeare doesnt like to sugar coat anything he simply write exactly what he sees.In conclusion, I believe that Sonnet 130 written by William Shakespeare portrays the most effective expression of love because although its not what you expect from a love sonnet he portrays the solid truth with no sugar coating and no silver white line drive to hide behind, as although it may seem as he simply is just having a rant about his mistress maybe because she has refused to go on with it a person may say but to me Shakespeare is trying to show the reader exactly what love is about, love is about putting up with the persons faults recognising them and finding a way past them and yet having a relationship together rather then letting people believe that love is about roses, nirvana and everything becomes perfect, Shakespeare gives his opinion with no half-hearted approach.

Orsat Gas Analysis

Orsat Gas Analysis Experiment I. Objectives To analyze the dry exhaust fellate (DEG) from a combustion system using the Orsat apparatus. II. Apparatus As shown in figure, the Orsat apparatus consists of a water-jacketed 100-m1 burette B connected at its top to a glass manifold M and at its bottom to a take store L. The glass manifold M is connected to three reagent bulbs called pipets P1, P2 and P3 via three cocks C1, C2 and C3. Each tube is filed with its own absorbing chemical solution P1 potassium hydrated oxide (30 % w/v) to absorb carbonic acid gas P2 alkaline pyrogallol to absorb 02 P3 cuprous chloride in hydrochloric acid to absorb CO.Pipettes P1 and P2 are partly filled with glass tubes to step-up the contact surface area between liquid and glass. P3 contains copper wire to protect acid against possible oxidation. The 3-way cock C4 is used to connect manifold M to the atmosphere (via suction ticker SP), to connect it to the sampler tube or to isolate the trapped gas. III . Procedure a) Preparatory Steps -Fill the system with water & chemicals as applicable. -By opening one of the cocks C1, C2, C3 at a time and keeping all other cocks close, and manipulating bottle L bring the solution in each pipette to the top mark on the stem of the pipette.Then close the isolating cock. -Now connect the sampler line to suction pump SP by turning the 3-way valve C4. Operate the pump to purge all air from the sampler line. b) Trapping the Gas Sample -By turning the cock C4 connect the glass manifold M to the sampler line. -Lower bottle L behind until the water level in burette B is slightly below the zero mark on the scale. Then close C4 and undo the sampler line. -Slightly lift cock C4 off its seat to equalize the pressure inside burette B with the ambient pressure. Then raise bottle L gently until water level in the burette coincides with the zero mark.This ensures that the burette now contains 100 ml of exhaust gas at atmospheric pressure. c) assimilation of Gas Constituents The following steps should be done for each pipette, one at a time, in the order P1 then P2 then P3. -Open cock C1, and slowly raise bottle L to allow the gas to flow into pipette P1 until water in the pipette reaches the (100)-mark. -Slowly lower bottle L to let gas leave pipette P1 and re-enter burette B until the chemical solution in pipette P1 reaches the top mark on its stem. Close C1. -Bring the levels of water in burette B and bottle L to coincide.Read the scale on burette B to get the volume of CO2 absorbed, measured at atmospheric pressure. -Repeat this modus operandi a few times until the reading becomes constant which means that all CO2 has been absorbed. Then close cock C1. -For the next pipettes, the volume absorbed is obtained as the difference between the current scale reading and the one just preceding it. IV-a Experiment No. 1 Get acquainted with the apparatus and the summons by measuring the volume fraction of 02 in atmospheric air. A value of 79 % should be obtained. IV-b Experiment No. Measure the volume fractions of CO2 and 02 in a sample of dry combustion products from the continuous combustion unit in the heat engines laboratory (fired with LPG). V. Requirements 1. Your report about the experiment should be detailed. In particular you should write the combustion equation assuming the provide composition to be unknown, and representing it by an equivalent hydrocarbon CxHy. Show details of your calculations. 2. Based on the results of the dry exhaust gas analysis, calculate (a) The atom ratio (y/x) in the fuel formula b) The air/fuel ratio A/F (c) The relative air/fuel ratio ? 3. Compare your results under item (2-a) with the volumetric composition of LPG as consisting of 30% propane C3H8 and 70% butane C4H10. v. Observations Ambient Conditions PA= KPa, TA= OC Zero Reading Ro= ml Vsample= 100-Ro= CO2 Reading RCO2= ml VCO2= RCO2-Ro= O2 Reading RO2= ml VO2= RO2-RCO2= CO Reading RCO= ml VCO= RCO-RO2= Volume of Nitrogen VN2= 100-RN2=

Freight Forwarders Essay

A incumbrance forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a individual or compevery that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.They act as an go-between between shipper and carriers, that is between exporter and the shipping line either by air, sea, road or rail. It is not unusual that multiple carrier is needed for a genius shipment. The freight forwarder responsibilities include advice on documentation and customs requirements in the country of destination. His overseas correspondent looked after the shipment and keeps the forwarder informed about any matters that would carry on the movement of the goods.When a business uses a freight forwarding company to move their merchandise, they argon outsourcing some activities that are required in international shipping. A forwarder does not only move the goods but acts as an expert in the supply chain management.By outso urcing a shipment to a freight forwarder, in that location are various advantages for the trader as per below1. Outsourcing makes the trader job easier One of the first benefits of hiring a freight forwarder is that the trader gets to outsource the job. The operate turn by the forwarding agent includes customs documentation, risk management, insurance, warehousing, and customs clearing so that takes away the burden of managing these things to transport your freight items.2. Freight forwarder provides professional services Shipment of goods need a good planning and organising methods for a proper flow and ensure a good sequence. When hiring a freight forwarder, the trader smoke be assured of the professionalism in the work. At the same time, every process that is involved in the transportation of goods is duly considered. The freight forwarding company is likewise familiar with international destinations, customrules and regulations, which vehicle and equipment are suitable for specific goods transportation. Therefore it is a good practice to hire a professional freight forwarder.3. One stop solution for transportation needs A freight forwarder provides various cargo related services to the exporters and importers worldwide. They progress to link and contact with many other different transporters and can transport your goods by means of air, sea and land. Freight forwarders have vast experience in the transport business and they are the best advisor for export and import business.4. Time and cost saving Freight forwarding companies are experienced in the transportation business whence you get your job done in the shortest amount of time possible with quality service commitment. It can also save you the total cost for freighting your products. These companies have highly-skilled labors that have the sense of quality work and know their duties.5. Offers the extreme ease Freight forwarders offer the extreme ease for your transporting needs. You will get you r goods transferred with satisfaction and reliability in the easiest way you could ever imagine. Such companies have vast connections with customs and other agencies that get your job done in a timely manner.6. reverse the risk of damage or any loss If you hire a freight forwarding company, you can avoid the risk of damage or any loss of goods. Because the company will be responsible in that case if something happens to your freight items.

History of Policing Essay

The function of policing has played a considerable role in the disk operating systemsn history. The policing occupation has worked toward protecting citizens rights and answering America to become the free nation it is today. The fall in States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights, from this document we gather the rules of policing and make sure that every Americans rights argon met. The evolutions of policing practices that officers harbour learned have changed American history for the erupt. As fresh problems in society arise, police must change and adapt to protect and look the public. early American policing strategies were based off of a similar British place. Law enforcement was not well organized or structured until 1200 A.D., after that time offenders were be pursued by an organized posse. In those times offenders were caught be the organized posse and were usually tortured and faced public execution.Rarely were the criminals or the a ccuse of this time given the right to fair trail, and were not considered innocent until proven blameworthy like the laws we have today state, it was the other way around, where citizens that were accused of crimes were guilty before any evidence or testimony were ever provided. One of the earliest forms of policing came about in English cities and towns and were called night watches.(Schmalleger, 2009). The primary purpose of a night watch was to watch out for fires and thievery.There was also a day watch which basically was the same job as night watch, scarcely in the day. Eventually this form of policing led to a written law being proposed in 1285 called the Statute of Winchester. This law created a watch and ward corpse that gave early watches a systems and structure to form themselves around. This law gave early English towns the policing practices and guidelines needed to produce a stable society, free of criminal activities, allowing the towns the type of policing that th ey needed to thrive. The Statute of Winchester law consisted of four main points, things that were specific to the watch of that town, the mandating of age eligible men to serve, institutionalizing the use of the hue and cry, and for answering the call of duty.Prior structuring and laws much(prenominal) as the Statue of Winchester propelled law enforcement into its future when prime minister of England Sir Robert Peel formed the worlds first modern police force. Peels place of new police became the model for police all across the globe. He formed the police with more of a military outline giving uniforms for better origination and structure. Early American leaders followed the day and night watch approach, later American leaders followed Sir Robert Peel method, which is what American policing still utilize today. naked technological advances and social reform for policing were brought about in the twentieth century. The invention of automobiles, telephones, and radios were develo pments of the twentieth century, which have helped police officers with their communications, speed of investigations and coordination of confinements. Automobiles allowed police a quick responds and allowed them to serve greater areas.Radios and telephones allowed for the communication and coordination of efforts between police officers. Teddy Roosevelt contributed his part of advancement of the policing system by organizing the FBI and helping to promote the first call box system, which is virtually associated with the 911 system used today. The political era (1840s-1930) was an era that policing organizations were more concerned with the interest of powerful politicians rather than the rights and laws of the people. The next eras of policing came from 1930s-1970s where police became increasingly concerned with resolution of more traditional style of crimes. The time from the 1970s to the end of the twentieth century is considered to be the third period of policing and the aro und contemporary of policing practices, acting on policing of each community.Finally present day policing is or the modern era has given way to that of motherland security, which grew after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the United States. All levels of law enforcement agencies, local state and federal have devoted more time and effort toward the protection of our nation and homeland security, in an effort to thwart any future attacks. Local, state, and federal law enforcement are tasked with the enforcement of the laws. Federal law enforcement agencies are government agencies whose primary function is the protection and enforcement of federal laws. State law enforcement agencies were created for specified set of needs. State law enforcement was built from one of two models. The first model combines major criminal investigations with the patrolling of state highways. The second model is the culmination of two functions which consist of traffic enforcement and other laws that need upheld.Todays duties of the modern state policing are to assist local law enforcement in criminal investigations, operate identification bureaus, maintain criminal records repository, patrol states highways, and provide training for municipals and county officers. Today they have also stepped up to a role of homeland security, for identifying precursors to acts of terrorism. The third level of law enforcement is that of the local policing authorities, i.e. county sheriffs or town marshals. City and county agencies are both part of the local level, mayors or city council appoint the officers to their offices and their jurisdictions are limited only to the boundary of their communities.Sheriffs are responsible for law enforcement in unincorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail. Local police play their role in the new era of homeland security as well by ascertaining the changes in the community that are out of place or unusual. Local police help do this task by interacting with the public, and constantly patrolling neighborhoods and other parts of their community.The increases of population, crime, and the advancement of technologies have challenged our policing forces but it has also allowed it to make necessary changes and advancements in law enforcement recrudesce with the times, with each generation of Americans we continue to increase our knowledge, experience and technological advances. The structure and technologies of the policing may change over a given time but the nonpareil of protecting and serving the community will not. With increasing threats on the rise, the police force must be capable and flexible. Making sure they have the most innovative technologies to oppose impending threats and overcome the future challenges that may lie ahead.ReferenceSchmalleger, F. (2009). Criminal Justice Today an Introductory Text for the 21st coke (10th ed.). New York, NY Prentice-Hall. 2007. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Progress Repor t on Implementation of Mission and Management Functions. GAO Reports i. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed June 12, 2011). Dodsworth, F. M. (2008). The Idea of Police in Eighteenth-Century England Discipline, Reformation, Superintendence, c. 1780-1800. Journal of the tale of Ideas, 69(4), 583-604. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Scott, J. E. (2010). Evolving Strategies A Historical Examination of Changes in Principle, Authority and Function to Inform Policing in the Twenty-First Century. Police Journal, 83(2), 126-163.doi10.1350/pojo.2010.83.2.490

How Successfully Did the Liberals Handle the Constitutional Crisis?

How successfully did the liberals plow the constitutional crisis in 1901 1911? In 1909 Lloyd George was the Chancellor, he was in charge of the countries money and how they spend it and how much they levy the public. He needed to increase the budget some how to pay for battle ships because England was in a coat of arms race with Germany. When taxing the people he only wanted to increase the tax for the rich, he did non see it would be f line to increase the taxes for the already poor and those struggling to pay the tax already however he came across a problem.The House of Lords had been the most designerful part of fantan, they had the power to hold any loads and laws coming form the House of Commons. They had recently obturateed the Education Act. This had been tradition for the past two hundred years allowing them to dismiss any bill, this was incredibly bias though, most bills were passed to benefit the poor and to charge the rich. This bill would easily pass the Commons but not the Lords, Asquiths solution was to ask King Edward 7 (who had the highest power in the country) to create peers.In doing this the Liberals would be adapted to out vote the Conservative lords. The King concord to this but he suddenly died in May 1910. This presented the Liberals with another step to over come. The next to the air was George V his ambition was to get two parties to come to some kind of agreement without resorting to making spick-and-span peers. A constitutional conference was held between June and November. The Conservatives offered to reform the composition of lords, but the liberals were determined to reduce the power of the constitution.The Conservatives also tried insisted the lords should have the power to veto any change in the constitution, enabling them to block the home rule for Ireland. Asquith was under strong pressure from the Irish to reject the Conservatives proposal. George V finally concur he would create enough new peers to pass the par liament bill as long as the Liberals one a general election fought on this issue held in December. The choice left the Liberals and Conservatives with ex personationly the same number of seats, 272 each.However because the Liberals had a strong backing from Labour, who had 47 seats, and from the Irish Nationalists, who had 84 seats, the Liberals were able to rely on a working majority and would remain in government. This parliament act helped make the British constitution more democratic. They stopped the lords form controlling parliament and what happened to the country. For this reason alone I believe the Liberals were successful with the constitution crisis, however they would have not been able to do it alone, without the help of Labour and the Irish Nationalists the conservatives would have been in power.

Clarice Lispector’s Women Characters Essay

I sat originally my glass one day,And conjured up a vision b be,Unlike the aspects glad and gay,That erst were found reflected there-The vision of a char, unfoundedWith to a greater extent than fair sexly despair.1The Italian feminist writer Elsa Morante stated that One womans agony in her room is something so insignifi fecest that it casts no shadow across the great cosmea2. However avowedly this might be, Clarice Lispector manages to give voice to her female char issueers feelings in a such overpowering way that the lecturers own universe cannot remain indifferent. Reading Lispectors works, especially her curtly stories, is like plunging into an unmingledly innocuous moment of a womans liveliness but cursorily and unavoidably be dragged into the unreachable depths and the darkest recesses of her psychology. It never turns out to be a merely pleasure trip. Influenced by existentialist authors, Lispectors over-riding concern revolves around woman figure in its entirety3. It is a definitely labyrinthian and multi-faceted matter, which encompasses all the issues of the human condition exasperated by the womanhoods burdens.Alongside with the unbearable ken towards the absurdity of life and its revealed lack of meaning, the writer has to deal with the role of the women in a male oriented society, their existential sufferings and failures, the sense of relationships and isolation, their unfulfilled aspirations given up to conform to an imposed affable scheme, the ideas of family and alienation, their forlorn hopes and submissiveness. The lector is prompted to ask himself to what extent is the woman allowed to be herself before becoming the objectification of somebody elses aspirations? The concept of individuality is therefore the pivot of all this speculation Clarice explores the dynamics of self-discovery, the different and always traumatic ways in which her characters find or argon forced to face their straight authentic self and the conflict th ese achievements bewilder in their life.In this essay, I allow for pay close attention to the object of the mirror, a recurrent image in Lispectors fiction, where it occupies a key role in the help of autoconhecimento e vocalizeo, contemplao e ao, conhecimento das coisas e relaes inter-subjetivas4. In the consideration of this register, I ordain draw on the psychological theories that explained the phenomenon of visual self-identification, highlighting the correspondences in the behaviour of the woman characters. I will also refer to the literary criticism that handled with the Lispectorian potncia mgica do olhar5. Then, I will focusing on the range of maidenlike figures portrayed in Laos de famlia, pointing out how they underwent the experience of self-awareness, what they pick up in common and where they are different. Finally, I will take into account Clarices short member Espelho mgico, which I found to be a particularly valuable contribution to this analysis and a screen of locking ring to this paper.Lets start by considering the leitmotif of the mirror and the sizeableness of sight. To try to unfold the copious polysemic connotations that the mirror bears, it is worth briefly considering it under a psychoanalytic point of view. Several are the currents that acknowledged the mirror to be one the most powerful tool in the process of the analysis and identification of the self. Jaques Lacan theorised the famous concept of the mirror stage the child starts to identify with the reproval of itself, discerning the I in the mirror and the I outside the mirror. Along with OLTRE The identification, however, fill outs the sense of alienation, due to the cognition of the mirror image as an early(a) self. Experiencing this splitting, the subject keeps searching a constant confirmation of its indistinguishability from/by/in the confrontation with other people and objects. By the visual contacts, as a sort of multiplicity of mirrors, the sense of sel fhood can be reinforced by returned gazes of recognition6. The idea that the people interacting with the subject act as mirrors for itself has also been substantiated by Charles Horton Cooley.He went further and advanced the well-disposed psychological concept of the tonicitying-glass self, fit in to which identity is created out of the tension between natural impulses that the individual must actively develop and the social structures that the individual must actively appropriate7. He points out that there are three stages finished which a person goes she/he imagines how she must appear to others, she/he imagines the judgment of that appearance, she/he develops her/him self through the judgments of others8. provided what happens when the social structures develop a diffused and subjugating system of judgements and bias that deeply interfere with the flavor of the individual impulses? The give is deep manipulation of somebodys own self, where self-denial tendencies usually carry as a compromise between the two tensions.This is actually what happen to Clarices women characters. When they look in the mirror, they see (or glimpse) themselves how they truly are, but also how they are not allowed, or do not dare, to be. This social conditioning is clearly summarised by John Berger To be born a woman has been to be born, at bottom an allotted and confined space, into the keeping of men. The social presence of woman has developed as a result of their ingenuity in living under such tutelage within such limited space. But this has been at the cost of a womans self being split into two. A woman must continually watch herself because how she appears to others, and ultimately how she appears to men, is of crucial importance for what is normally thought of as the victory of her life9Bearing in mind these concepts, lets now delve into the feminine universe of Laos de famlia. The first aspects to remark is that Lispectors characters are never stereotypical women. They cannot be cover in any womanly clich, even if they share the alike(predicate)(p) experiences and they sometimes seem to be facets of the same person. Clarice introduces the reader to different women, or again different stages in life of only one daughter, adolescent, wife, mistress, come, grandmother. ruttish detachment is one of the thing they fuddle in common. They all show unsolvable inability to affiliate with others in a deep and meaningful way. Although being present and even physically close to their families, they are not emotionally present in the relationships. They dissociate, both experiencing emotional numbing, both restraining their own true feeling. moreover, they do not find a reliable interlocutor in their partners or friends, because the image that the latter fox on them is distorted and limited to the role they unconsciously or not impose on them. As previouslyillustrated, the achievement of self-identity requires an interchanging dialogical recognit ion between one I and one other that acknowledge that I as a whole10. Clarices women are leftover alone. Nevertheless, even when they seem to live the identity they have been given (therefore being self-denial), their true inner self, their real subjectivity suddenly bursts out.There is a mixed bag of fil rouge that pools all the short stories the narrative nucleus is represented by a moment of conflictive tension, an inner crisis, a rupture. At times, it is sufficient the most trifling event to trigger an epiphany, an instant of dramatic awareness. Everything that has been unbroken suppressed explode in a flood of thoughts, reminiscences and revelations. The body abruptly mirror symmetrylyses and time stands still life is revealed, meaning is lost, the measure of identity and freedom are found.But understanding is a responsibility, and Clarice pushes her characters to their limits. They hang on the balance between stepping back or going beyond utterly disoriented, they face th e danger of living. Regarding this point, professor Earl E. Fitz explains that they come to grips with themselves, with who and what they really are and, finally, react to this unexpectedly experienced flash of insight by either rejecting the fresh self that would emerge or by actually undertaking the creation of a new self, a new and authentic identity. But the price of real freedom is always high and appears in Lispectors fiction as the discomforting and solipsistic realisation that we are all alone, isolated in our solitude, and tormented by the need to communicate11.Epiphanies, alienation and incommunicability show close affinities with the literary world depicted by Sartre and Camus. The demote of the conscience with the reality, more specifically with the experience of the Absurd and the sense of meaningless of life, always generate uneasiness in the stars. Even if Lispector has asserted that her nasea is not the nause of Sartre12, the epiphanic moments are associated wi th upsetting feelings unwellness and daze in Amor, anger in Feliz Aniversrio, hatred in O bfalo, fear in Preciosidade, nausea and sadness in Devaneio e embriaguez duma rapariga ,nausea and derangement in Imitao da rosa.Moreover, Lispectors characters experience these unconscious outburst via their sense of sight, similarly to Sartrian relay stations. In Amor, Anas reality suddenly falls by with the simple view of a blind man chewing a chewing gum on the tram. The sudden braking of the tram is like a tug to her subconscious, the detonator of her repressed unhappiness and her existential in-satisfaction. The woman feels an emotional collapse, she is overwhelmed by nausea and compassion.A moment later, she feels emptied and alienated as she wanders through the Jardim Btanico. When she manages to hurt home, her husband takes her by the hand, sem olhar para trs, afastando-a do perigo de viver13. So she comes back to her previous existence, but she has now let aware that she basks he r world with repugnance, loathing. She represents the women who are conscious of the fact that something essential is missing in their life, that what they are meet by is not what they really wanted, is not enough to fulfil them. At the end of the day she look at herself in the mirror, por um instante sem nenhum mundo no corao. Antes de se deitar, como se apagasse uma vela, soprou a pequena flama do dia.14The process is alike in O bfalo. The unnamed paladin is destroyed by unreciprocated love. Eu te odeio, disse a mulher, muito depressa, a um homem que no a amava. Mas a mulher s sabia amar e perdoar, e se aquela mulher perdoasse mais uma vez, uma s vez que fosse, sua vida estaria perdida. In order to bear the pain, she tries to learn how to hate by the wild nature of the animals. Wandering in a zoo, she encounters a buffalo (something close to the male sexual symbology). Ela no olhou a cara. Olhou os seus olhos. E os olhos do bfalo, os olhos olharam seus olhos. The climax is achi eved by the visual contact between their eyes. She feels so jarred that she faints. The condition of woman victim of love finds its catharsis in this epiphany closed to sexual ecstasy.Visual contact and self-perception take on another nuance in Preciosidade. The protagonist is an adolescent girl, who tries to avoid having anyone look at her. She feels she must protect an ambiguous preciousness she owns. Either it is referred to her virginity or simply to her being a girl, by eschewing males gazes she knows she will keep from becoming an objectification of their desire.More complex are the eye contacts in the short story Laos de famlia. The title includes the typic essence of family relationships. The semantic ambivalence of laos can either be seen in a positive way, love bonds, or in a negative one, like binding chains. The protagonist Catarina and her mother epitomise this ambivalence, in living their strained relationship as a mother and as an adult daughter. Sentiments are no lo nger expressed, love mixes with hate, visual contact is unbearable. Waiting for the train to leave, the mother looks at herself in pocket mirror to fill the emptiness left by the lack of parley with Catarina. Once home, Catarina take a walk with her son, tying him to her in another noxious kind of love binding. Very important is the figure of the husband, left out, excluded. He need her, but awkwardly tries to exercise his apparent power to show off his role.Another strongly symbolic story is Imitao da rosa. The protagonist is Laura, a woman who experienced a rupture, both physical with a nervous breakdown, both social, not being able to adhere again at the role of wife she used to perform before her illness. The character is therefore divided between two attitudes the impersonal woman, who tries to be obedient to the established ruler of being a wife, and the personal woman, that breaks the contract and the social expectation codes. Roberto Corra dos Santos15 analyses the duplici ty of Lauras nature and the manifestation it has on the relationship with her husband. Corra dos Santos divides her feelings and her behaviours in two moments the pace de obedincia and the Tempo de ruptura.During the Tempo de obedincia, the attitude of her husband towards Laura shows a man esquecido de sua mulher, em paz, recostado com bandono whereas Laura is submissa, atende o marido de brao dado, fala sobre coisas de mulheres. During the tempo de ruptura, the husband turns out to be cansado e perplexo, mudo de preocupao, tmido, com um hlito infeliz, era she exits super-humana, tranqila em seu isolamento brilhante, como un barco tranqilo, de perfeio acordata16. bid the example of Carlotas husband, Lauras husband metaphorically shrinks the more and more his wife finds her dimension of self-confidence. Fitz, E. Earl sums up Consistent with Lispectors view that each of us fight a battle for control of the bedlam that envelops us, she shows poignantly how the woman in the story is growing in terms of consciousness and self-understanding (tangled as this itself is) while the man with whom she is living is stupidly and dully trapped in his own uninteresting view of reality, henpecked by the spurious clarity of his conventional thought, his socially prescribed clichs and unoriginal thinking17In addition to these considerations, it is relevant to stress that the concept of the mirror as fundamental tool in the process of self-perception has also been taken up by Clarice outside her fictional work. Espelho mgico is short obligate she wrote when she contributed to Dirio da Noite. It was published in 1960, in a culumn entitled S para mulheres, which suggests a hidden feminine complicity that strengthens the message the author wants to conveyedNo s o espelho da madrasta de Branca de Neve que mgico. A verdade que todo espelho tem a mesma magia. Voc no h de perguntar Quem mais bela do que eu. O melhor perguntar ao espelho Como posso ficar mais bela do que e u? Eis os ingredientes para um espelho mgico 1) um espelho propriamente dito, de preferncia daqueles de corpo inteiro 2) voc mesma diante do espelho3) coragem. Coragem para se ver, em vez de se imaginar. S depois de se enxergar realmente, que voc poder comear a se imaginar. Mas lembre-se a imaginao s nos serve quando baseada na realidade. Seu material de trabalho a realidade a respeito de voc mesma. No vou lhe dizer o que voc deve fazer para melhorar de aparncia. No tenho a pretenso de ensinar peixe a nadar. E s uma coisa que voc no sabe que voc sabe nadar. Quero dizer, se voc tiver confiana em voc mesma, descobrir que sabe muito mais do que pensa. Mas, de qualquer modo, estarei aqui para ajudar a voc a no esquecer que sabe.Here, Clarice recurs to the archetype of the magic mirror in the fay tale, positioning the question of identity in an apparently simple layer of interpretation. The strength of this passage, though, resides in the unsteady of the cultural var. of the identi fication of the self the answer is not any more given by the mirror, but acknowledged directly by the person who mirrors herself. Who is answering is indeed the same woman who asked, providing herself with the true measure of her renewed I descried alone, without the need of something (or somebody) else who sees her from the outside.This is the new espelho mgico Clarice hopes for, where the magic comes from the other side on the glass the person. More than an article, it becomes a suggestion, an exhortation. It takes some efforts, some coragem para se ver, se enxergar, but this is demand in order to build a new parameter for the individual existence, a new pattern of legitimisation of the self. It is the only way for women to ged rid of the old and tight social and cultural paradigms and to confront themselves with new references base on their quotidian choices and prerogatives.A new perspective is offered, where beauty stops being a aboriginal attribute and leaves its place to s elf-confidence and fortitude. This new woman holds in her hands a material de trabalho, the realidade a respeito de si mesma. She could represent a new possible social feminine figure, who believes in her capability to levy a change and to be in charge of her own destiny. While in her stories she often left her characters helpless and powerless in front of their mirrors, in the real world Clarice let this mirror become a threshold towards a higher dimension, like an open portal in front of the woman. The article end is contract-like women will try to operate this transformation and the author will watch over her, with her novels and stories.For the said(prenominal) reasons, there is no doubt that Lispectors fictional universe is as wide and deep as the themes it deals with. To understand how her complex feminine characters perceive themselves, it is necessary to take into account the issue of the human condition in its entirety, applied to the point of view of women. Nonetheless, every story she wrote encompasses a multitude of smaller senses and significances, so that more than one reading is needed in order to disclose all of them. Every reader can easily agree with Hlne Cixous, who stated that Clarices text, like Kafkas, are not narratives.They contain a secret, a lesson. But this secret and this lesson are dispersed in the verbal space in such a way that the meaning cannot be apprehended at a first reading.18 Psychoanalytic perspective helps to explain her literary explorations of the question of identity, the importance of sight, and the self-perception her characters achieve in their reflection in the mirror or in someone elses eyes. The in-depth analysis of the women in Laos de famlia also provides a comprehensive picture of Clarices profound sensibility and complex psychology. The plot, the setting, the description of the characters and their comparative dynamics epitomises Lispectorian imaginary. As far as the mirror is concerned, it undoubtedly ho ld an important position in Clarices symbolism and recurs also in her non-fictional works. The article Espelho mgico represents a significant contribution in the comprehension of her Weltanschauung, and creates a concrete link between her imaginative world and the tangible reality.1 Mary Elizabeth Coleridge The Other Side of a Mirror, 1896 2 Elsa Morante, Arturos Island, p. 1873 Lispector does not actually represent all women in her text, but she rather focuses on the ones she belongs to and presumably knows the most the middle-class white urban women. With the expression woman condition in its entirety I mean the whole range of feminine experiences a given woman can go through during her life. 4 Nunes, Benedito, Clarice Lispector. So Paulo Edies Quron, 1973 p. 95 5 Ibid, p. 956 Lacan, Jaques, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. capital of the United Kingdom Penguin. 1994 p 70-72 7 Cooley, Charles H. On Self and Social Organization. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1998 p 20 8 Cooley, Charles H. Human record and the Social Order. New York Scribners, 1902. pp. 183-184 9 Berger, John, Ways of Seeing. London Penguin, 197210 See also Psychology of Self. Kohut, Heinz The Analysis of the Self. New York internationalist Universities Press, 1971 11 Fitz, E. Earl Clarice Lispector. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985, p. 48 12 Lowe, Elizabeth. The Passion According to C.L. Elizabeth Lowe interviews Clarice Lispector. Review, 24 p 36 13 Lispector, Clarice, Laos de Famlia. Rio de JaneiroLivraria Jos Olympio Editora S.A., 1976 p 24 14 Ibid, p 2615 Corra dos Santos, Roberto Lendo Clarice Lispector. So Paulo Atual Editora LTDA, 1986 p. 21 16 Lispector, Clarice, Laos de Famlia. Rio de Janeiro Livraria Jos Olympio Editora S.A., 1976 p 36-40 17 Fitz, E. Earl Clarice Lispector. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985, p. 44 18 Cixous, Hlne, Reading with Clarice Lispector. Trans. By Verena Andermatt Conley. London Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990 p 98

Saudi Arabia

Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia is a deeply conservative country in the Middle East rooted in Moslem laws and traditions that write d hold women in the society. The laws lease roots in twain the traditions and Islam. And to a large extent, the country has suffered slow harvest-home as just half of its economy is productive.It is evident that when women ar empowered in that location en affirm be a tremendous growth in the economy, and as such, gender parity should be perceived as a moral responsibleness which allow stimulate stinting stability and give women a risk out of social bondage.WHY THE LAWS SHOULD BE CHANGEDThere is a vast need for the country to adjust its laws to accommodate al iodine the citizens, both male and female. The kind of discrimination and social degradation women face is the worst ever. Women atomic number 18 labored to obtain permission from men, including from their sons to be able to travel, get job s and enroll for higher education. Even later on(prenominal) the feeler which had been make during the colonial period, the country has found itself masking to its original po personateion,at work places, the education firmaments and leadership.For the women, discrimination has compel the norm. During job applications and recruitments, they dont get the same opportunities as men (Vogelstein, 2018). With the mens narrow conservative perception, women be stock-still denied promotions, others dismissed. Thus, this has led to constant disputes with their male colleagues.The result existence slow come near in their personal information stemming adverse realities for them. This perspective doesnt regard women as having the necessary skills and abilities for pursuing leadership roles although there be economic reformations, there argon still numerous challenges.The academic leadership roles of women has been crippled by organizational and administrative challenges they face in their work environment (Alsubh, 2018).Women argon barred from taking superior positions due to escape of their training and education. This coupled with inadequate fiscal allocation and patriarchal mindset has affected women leadership, which directly impacts on the institutional achievement. Other challenges hindering their capabilities atomic number 18 ca utilize by uncooperative behavior of their subordinates, excess workload with very long working hours due to absence of positional power.Most women trying to break away from the societal norms and expectations fall out themselves in very tight enumerations(Alsubh, 2018).They are expected to take charge of their families. This translates to less snip aid to work, in severe cases a promotion may lead to separation from her family.Some opt to drop their jobs al unitedly. With constrains in time, they are barely able to get enough experience. Most cannot withstand the pressure and end up with low self-confidence, thereby unab le to adapt to the dynamics of work environment. This significantly bars implementation of the strategical leadership technique.More than often, over the years, the workplace has always been considered to be a masculine do main(Alsubh, 2018). Men are perceived to be more productive than women, which has created conflicts among women and fellow workers or up to now their bosses. Women are made to issue unfit and even within the right qualifications they still find it concentrated convincing their seniors. Sadly, just about publish the opportunities. Women empowerment is therefore suppressed.CONCLUSIONSaudi Arabia having developed its laws from Moslem laws and traditions, is a highly patriarchal society where women are abruptly discouraged from formal jobs in the public sphere. For the better part of history, this has been the story over and over again. The psychiatric hospital has finally come to terms with the fact that it cannot develop without the input from women, thus its in the process of creating a friendlier environment for the women, although amidst challenges. Women are in addition citizens who need equal opportunities just like men,Saudi ArabiaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the heart of the Middle East which is well cognise among many conflicting countries for its oil color colour production. Saudi Arabia is known as the land covered by immense deserts and insignificant amount of rainfall. The country is bountiful with oil and pictorial gas resources. At the time of its independence, Saudi Arabia was relatively poor country because at that time its oil resources were not discovered. In 1950s, Saudi Arabias economy improved because of its proper work of oil.Saudi Arabia is the largest country occupying the Arabian Peninsula, with the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba to the west and the Persian Gulf to the east. Saudi Arabia is surrounded by Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, unify Arab Emirates, Sultanate of Oman and Yemen. The King dom is often termed as The Land of the Two Holy Mosques in reference to the 2 holy cities, Mecca and Medina. The foundation of The Kingdom was established by Abdul Aziz bin Saud in 1902, when he was successful in taking control of his ancestral home, the city of Riyadh. In 1932, The Kingdom was declared and recognized as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.The pre become form of establishment in Saudi Arabia is Monarchy with Council of Ministers and Consultative Council (Adams, 2003). The estimated nation of Saudi Arabia is 27. 6 meg. Its coat is well-nigh 2,150,000 square km. The religion followed in Saudi Arabia is Islam, which is too its receive place. The official language of Saudi Arabia is Arabic, which is used by most of the population. English is the second language which is used in disposal, trade sector, the media, and among non Arab emigrants. The social atmosphere in Saudi Arabia is extremely conservative.The country holds firm establishment of the meaning and significance of Islamic religious law. Cultural arrangement must correspond to assiduously light(a) principles and values of ethics. Men and women are not allowed to be present at community organized functions together and are break opend in working organizations and firms. The majority Saudis are native Arab. Some are of motley ethnic origin and are descendants of Turks, Iranians, Indonesians, Indians, Africans, and others. Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Indonesians emigrants are also residing in Saudi Arabia. Natural Resources of Saudi ArabiaThe natural resources of Saudi Arabia mainly comprise of petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper, zinc. Other mineral resources include phosphate High-grade silica sand, feldspar and nepheline syenite, kaolin, basalt and scoria, gypsum and anhydrite, quartz, limestone and dolomite, marble, decorative limestone, granite, gabbro and others (Arjomand, 2003). Saudi Arabias Relation with linked States of the States Saudi Arabias exceptional and distinctive position in the Arab and Islamic world, its assets of the worlds biggest oil resources and its location make its alliance significant to the United States.In 1933, ambassadorial relations were instituted amidst the cardinal countries and also Standard Oil of California was signed. The U. S. embassy was initiated in Jeddah in 1944. In 1984, the embassy repositioned to Riyadh. The former embassy in Jeddah was converted into U. S. consulate. The United States and Saudi Arabia share mutual interests on issues of regional defense and safety, oil trade and sustainable expansion and progress. Close discussions and conference betwixt U. S. and Saudi Arabia hand over been increased on global, economic and publicity concerns such as Middle East issues and communal welfare and benefits in the Middle East.The constant approachability to resources of oil from Saudi Arabia continues to be imperative to the affluence of the United States. Saudi Arabia is the primary leader in fie ld of oil trade for the United States, supplying more than one million barrels of oil per day. The U. S. is Saudi Arabias chief dealing collaborator and Saudi Arabia is the main U. S. export countenancer in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia and U. S. also maintain longstanding security associations. However, the first difference of opinion between the two countries occurred when U. S. ecognized Israel as a separate sovereign self-employed person area in 1948. The Saudi establishment refused to recognize the country of Israel. In 1953, a U. S. force training mission was founded in Dhahran. The aim of this crowd was to offer training and encouragement in the usage of weapons and other safety measure attention to the Saudi military. Many military aircrafts, air defense weapons, armored vehicles, etc confuse been sold to Saudi Arabias military by the United States. The Saudis authority showed concern in Israel-US relations that became cordial in 1970s and 1980s when U.S. sold milita ry arms and weapons to Israel nevertheless didnt sell arms to Saudi Arabia. The reason why U. S. stopped its supply of arms to Saudi Arabia on basis that Saudi Arabia will use them against Israel. These divergent interests had an unfavorable affect on US-Saudi relations, indicating that United States had no concern to protect Saudi Arabia. However in 1990, the Iraq conflict made Saudi Arabia guaranteed them of their significance and worth to the United States of America. Saddam ibn Talal Hussein had attacked Kuwait. Saddam Hussein also had the intentions to attack Saudi Arabia.Because of this, United States of America was promised proliferation of oil control (Ayoob, 1999). United States of America sent out more than 400,000 military to the area to prevent aggression and hostility by Hussein and drove him back to Iraq. The United States mission was an instant success, due to sanction of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia was used as an initiation pad for both land and air troops to be se nt into Iraq. The military arms and weapons were sold to Saudi Arabia were used during the operation. Distinctively, the four high tech advanced AWACS aircrafts loaned by Jimmy Carter to Saudi Arabia.After the end of the operation, the Saudi governing intended to buy 20 million dollar worth U. S. military equipment solely the request was denied. This denial of request resulted in resentment about being treated unequal ally. According to Thomas L. Friedman editorial column of August 12, 1990, the U. S intentions of providing protective cover to Saudi Arabia was not because of their cordial relations but because of economic benefits. The United States did not send the troops to the Saudi to defend and maintain autonomous egalitarian principles. The form of government in Saudi Arabia is monarchy which is a feudal regime.The American policy is not to make a better and safe place for feudalism. The main ambition of U. S is to secure its economy which is harbored by the Saudis oil reser ve. Saudi Arabia and United States relations tensed after September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in which total of 15 suicide bombers had Saudi nationality. Saudi Arabia condemned the 11th September attack by forestalling it an action against humanity. However, when U. S. waged war against Iraq the United States had to vacate its army stationed in Saudi Arabia in August 2003 (Bloomfield, 2004). . The Current State of Saudi ArabiaThe current form of government in Saudi Arabia is monarchy with Council of Ministers and Consultative Council. Sharia, the holy law of Islam, is the basis of all the legislative and officially current system, which is inferred according to the firm Hanbali rite by the educated and scholarly religious elders. Saudi Arabia is defined as an independent Arab, Islamic state whose foundation is the Quran and Sunna of the Holy Prophet. The standard of the administration are affirmed to be righteousness, fair, dealing, parity fairness, equal opportunity and consult ation in harmony with the Sharia.The responsibility and obligation of the government is to shield Islam, human rights and offer public gos and protection to all citizens in accordance to the Sharia. The leader is in command of the government and religious administrator of Saudi Arabia is the King. Saudi Arabia has no independent legislature and no political groups. The Consultative Council has no legislative rights but it has the authority to assemble and call ministers for inquiry and to submit proposal and advice to the king (Bosworth, 2004). Saudis Support for PalestineThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been a staunch supporter of Palestine since the era of King Abdul Aziz Saud. This permanent long term support was first acknowledged in 1935, at the conference on the Palestinian issue. The Saudi government has assisted the Palestine in all its different stages because the Kingdom firmly considers that these livelihood efforts are part of Islamic duty and obligation. The Saudi gov ernment has played a principal and idiosyncratic role in supporting the Palestine issue and strengthening the Palestinians to achieve their objective and ambition to found an independent sovereign Islamic state.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia accepted all declarations of global organizations with regard to the issue of Palestine. It involved in various conferences on this issue since Madrid conference. It exerts maximum in getting in touch with the West, welcoming nations and the U. S. government to force and compel Israel for considering international declarations that call for complete Israeli removal from all the occupied Arab regions. The Saudi government has assisted Palestinian issues at financially levels as well. The Kingdom presented financial assistance to the Palestinians in the Al Khartoum Arab summit in 1967.At various summits, the Saudi government has offered financial assistance to Palestinians. Additionally, the Kingdom organized Saudi Development Fund for a Palestinian Development Program that looks after the health, education and housing divisions in the Palestinian territories. The Saudi financial assistance to the Palestinians is the major share between all other Arab contributors. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia condemned the cultural and ethnic segregation wall that Israel is building on Palestinian regions. The Kingdom protested to the International Court of Justice in Hague.The Court in Hague called upon Israel to discard this under-the-counter wall. The UN General Assembly also passed a declaration in this regard calling upon Israel to remove the bootleg war. Saudi Israel Relations Saudi Arabias relations with Israel are not cordial. When Israel emerged as a separate independent state in 1948, the Saudi government refused to acknowledge it. A licensed affiliate of the Arab League, Saudi Arabia fully supports the idea that Israel must vacate from Arab regions which were occupied forcefully in June 1967.Saudi Arabia with authorization support s the quiet resolution of the Arab Israeli clash but does not accept the Camp David Accord, stating that it will violate Palestinians rights. Saudi Arabia does not maintain diplomatic relations with Israel and is active in economic embargo of Israel (Brent, 2006). Saudis Role in Terrorism Saudi Arabia is plays significant role in the movement of against terrorism, proving assistance in armed forces, ambassadorial and economical grounds. Saudi Arabia also discontinued acknowledging Taliban in mid November 2001.The Bush government eulogize Saudi encouragement and backing for the campaign on terrorism. The Saudis have cracked down laboured on local Islamic extremist groups which were responsible for a series of terrorist bombings in 2005 and 2006. The government also announced amnesty for terrorists who surrendered their arms. Many of these former terrorists were sent to Islamic schools in which their Islamic extremist political orientation was moderated. Many Islamic scholars of Sa udi religious seminaries have openly condemned the use of terrorism as being against the principles of Islam.However despite extensive efforts to crack down on domestic terrorist groups, Saudi Arabia has been known to let arms, training and support to Palestinian and other radical Islamic groups. The country has cracked down hard on local Islamic fundamentalists who have endangered the royal family but Saudi Arabia also has been incriminate of funding groups in Palestine, Kashmir, Chechnya, Afghanistan and Iraq. Saudi Arabia was a key supporter of the Taliban before the US invasion of Afghanistan (Brown, 1999). It has pop the questiond financial assistance to Hamas, a violent Islamic radical group responsible for numerous acts of terrorism interior Israel.Saudi ArabiaTour of the beingness Paper Saudi Arabia This profile on Saudi Arabia is intended to provide entailmentant information on a number of relative subjects that will help you consider establishing a origin or conside ring investing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula and occupies about 2, 149,690 square kilometers. It is the 13th largest country compared to the world and is slightly more than one-fifth the size of the United States.It is bounded to the west by the Red Sea, to the north by Iraq, Jordon, and Kuwait, to the east by the Arabian Gulf, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain, and to the south by Omen and Yemen. Most of the country is desert, so its climate is harsh, dry and with great temperature extremes. Its capital is Riyadh and has 13th other provinces, which are presided over by governors. Based on the World Fact book, the Kingdom has a population of 26,534,504 people and that includes 5,576,076 expatriates. Saudi Arabia is a stable Monarchy.The head of state is King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, whose official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. He was preceded to the throne after the dea th of King Fahad in 2005. The King, who is the Prime Minister and a council of Ministers form the executive and legislative break upes of the government. They are responsible for the policies and guiding the development of Saudi. The council of Ministers is supported by the Shura, which is 150 distinguished men as the members that are appointed by the King.The Kingdoms legal system and laws are based on sharia Islamic principles. The laws and regulations applicable to all businesses are propagated by the Royal Decrees (online. Middle East Saudi Arabia. ). Saudi Arabia has grown to be amongst the wealthiest nations of the world since the discovery of oil. The kingdom has the largest oil reserves in the world outdoor(a) the United States and the Soviet Union. It possesses about one-fifth of the worlds petroleum reserves, is the largest exporter of petroleum and the petroleum sector accounts for about 80% of the Kingdoms udget revenues, 45% of the gross domestic product and 90% of t he export profits. Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization in 2005, and is optimistic about the private sector growing to help it expand its economy (online. 2012 Index of frugal Freedom. ). Saudi Arabia purchasing power parity GDP is about $676. 7 billion in 2011 and it is twenty-fourth in the world. The official exchange rate GDP is $560. 3 billion. The real growth rate GDP is 6. 5% and GDP per capita is $24,000. The GDP compositions by sector are 2. 1% for agriculture, 67. 6% for industry and 30. 4% in services in 2011(online. Middle East Saudi Arabia. ). Even though Saudi Arabias economy is trying to diversity, it is almost dependent on the products produced from oil. Saudi Arabia is one of the founding members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (online. 2012 Index of Economic Freedom. ). The Kingdoms exports make up 30% of the organization yearly total exports. The diversification efforts are focusing on telecommunications and petrochemical sectors. In the oil and service sectors 6 million foreign workers play important roles in the economy of the Kingdom.But Saudis own people are unemployed. The officials are working hard to reduce unemployment by increasing spending on education and job training. The government is also establishing six economic cities in different regions of the country to promote foreign investment and plans to spend $373 billion between 2010-2014 on infrastructure projects and social development to move forward Saudi Arabias economic expansion (online. Middle East Saudi Arabia. ). With the agriculture sector contributing 2. 1% to the countrys GDP, there are not a lot of products.Saudis products consists of wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus, chickens, eggs and milk. The 67% GDP of the industries are from crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrials gases, cement and construction. The industrial production rate in 7. 7% in 2011 (online. Middle East Saudi A rabia. ). Saudi Arabias exports contribute to 350. 7 billion to the economy during 2011. 90% of the commodities are petroleum and petroleum products. The Kingdoms main export countries are lacquer at 14. 3%, China at 13. %, United States at 13%, South Korea at 8. 8%, India at 8. 3% and Singapore at 4. 5% since the 2010 numerate. Saudis import system spends $106. 5 billion since 2011. The main import commodities are machinery and equipment, foodstuff, chemicals, motor vehicles, and textiles. Their import partners are United States at 12. 4%, China at 11. 1%, Germany at 7. 1%, Japan at 6. 9%, France at 6. 1%, India at 4. 7% and South Korea at 42% since 2010 census (online. Middle East Saudi Arabia. ). The United States is the Kingdoms largest trading partner and is the number 1 source of FDI.Saudi Arabia is among the top 20 recipients of the FDI in the world and is the 15th largest trading partners with the United States Saudi Arabia has a stable and profitable banking system and it is regulated by the Saudi Arabia Monetary Fund (SAMA). The banks follow Islamic law, by keeping out interest payments. No bank has ever failed in the Kingdom. The banking industry is the safest in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia received a Banking Industry Country Risk Assessment rating of 2 in 2011. The banking sector is composed of 13 Saudi owned banks and 8 foreign banks.The National commercial message Banks is the countrys largest bank, which is controlled by the government and follows Islamic laws. As well as commercial banks, there are 5 government credit establishments to help the private and corporate financing requirements. The currency is Riyals, so 1 U. S. dollar equals 3. 75 Riyals. The Saudi stock exchange is the largest in the Arab world (online. Country visibleness Saudi Arabia. ). In Saudi Arabia, Arabic is the official language but English is spoken in business settings and schools. The religion is 100% Muslim.Islam is practiced by all Saudis and controls their pol itical, legal, economic, and person lives. The Quan and the action of the Prophet are used as basic principles for Muslims. Muslims pray at least 5 times a day, at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening. The holy day for Muslims is Friday and everything is deard and most business have Thursday off also making the weekend Thursday and Friday. During Muslim holy month Ramaden, all Muslims fast from dawn to capitulation and are only allowed to work 6 hours a day. Expatriates are not required to fast but they must eat, drink, chew gum or smoke in public.Family and or tribe are the most important and the basis of their social life. Saudis take their responsibilities and pride in their family seriously. Families tend to be large and wide family is close. Businessmen tend to hire family and friends because think is the greatest importance. The Kingdoms etiquette is quite unique. Men quaver hands when greeting one another but they will shake and kiss a close friend when meeting. Men and women do not greet each other public. When Saudis meet they take their time and talk about general things. Gift giving is not the norm just like in other countries.If you are invited to a Saudis house bring something small to say thank you, flowers are only given from a women her hostess. Never bring alcohol unless you are positive they partake and gifts are never opened when received. Take off your shoes, arrive on time and accept Arabian coffee even if you dont drink coffee. If the meal is on the floor, sit cross-legged or on one knee, eat only with your right hand since the left is considered unclean, try a little bit of everything served and meals are served family style. Saudis socialize in restaurants and hotels when meeting foreigners they do not know well.Generally entertainment is separate for men and women if both sexes are included. Always greet the elder first to show respect, dress conservatively and arrive on time (online. Saudi Arabia). Saudi Arabias economic fre edom score is 62. 5, making it 74th freest in the 2012 index. Forming a business has become less time consuming, and the licensing necessities have become simpler. With no minimum capital required, get-go a business takes only three procedures and five days. There is no government minimum wage, but wage increases have improved the production (online. 2012 Index of Economic Freedom. ). The 1st step in showtime a business in Saudi Arabia is to find a Saudi patronage to enter the country. The sponsor acts as the middleman and arranges appointments with the right individuals in the business world. Saudis prefer to work with people they know and trust and will spend a lot of time getting to know you. Most Saudis will justness you on your appearance so dress and present yourself well. Most Saudis wear long white thobes. You will be expected to wear a suite. Businesswomen should make certain that their collarbones and knees are covered and that their clothes are not form fitting.Make s ure appointments are several weeks to one month in advance, try to schedule in the morning, arrive on time, although it is accepted to keep a foreigner waiting, and it is not uncommon to have the meeting cancelled once you have arrived. Meetings are never private until a relationship of trust is acquired. That means you will expect interruptions and make sure you do not bring the topic back to the original discussion until the new person has left. Business meetings never start with talking about business first, there will be inquires about health and family.Never ask about a Saudis wife. Decisions are made slowly and do not rush the process. Saudis are great negotiators and the highest-ranking person makes the decisions (online. Saudi Arabia). Women rights and sponsorship are two main issues in Saudi Arabia that are seen as disadvantages with doing business in Saudi. Women are treated otherwise in the Kingdom compared with the United States and Europe. Saudi women and foreign women are not allowed to drive a car, sit in the front seat of the car and have to be covered from head to toe basically.They have to travel with a male at all times. The male is usually the husband, father or chum salmon or whomever makes the important decisions on behave of the woman. There are no current women in world power for the government. The most influential women today in Saudi Arabia believe that the Kingdom will never progress with the real and full participation of women. Sponsorship of foreign labor has reportedly had a few problems with the way they have been treated. The system is no longer conventional to the life in the 21st century and fails to provide foreign workers with basic human rights.Today foreign worker want a new system that integrates a all-around(prenominal) and flexible legal framework for employer and employee (online. Alnowaiser, Dr. Khalid. ). In the end doing business in Saudi Arabia has positive and forbid situations. The good out shines the bad. The best businesses to get into right now would be involved with power generation, telecommunication, natural gas exploration and petrochemical sectors. As long as you see patients as a virtue and are willing to make deals, doing business in Saudi Arabia is the right place to start or branch out your company.